Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces

Following architectural practice’s widespread adoption of 3D modelling software, the digital design of free-form surfaces has enabled more heterogeneously organized architectural assemblies. However, fabricating envelope components with double-curved surface geometry have remained a challenge, involving significant machine time and material waste, and great expense to produce. This proof-of-concept project proposes a rapid, low-cost, andminimal-waste approach to forming double curved ceramic components through a novel approach to Ceramic Incremental Forming (CIF), using a 6-axis industrial robot, a passive flexible mold, and a custom ball-rolling tool. The approach is comparable to Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) that is used for forming complex shapes with metal sheets. This method promises to achieve high-quality, ceramic building envelope components, while eliminating the need to build proprietary molds for each shape and reducing the waste in the forming process. Compared with other architectural mold-less forming methods such as clay 3D printing, the approach is more time and material efficient, while being able to achieve similar levels of complexity. Thus, CIF may offer potential for further development and industrial applications.

Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Studebaker, R., Faircloth, B., & Stuart-Smith, R. (2023). Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces. In P. F. Yuan, H. Chai, C. Yan, K. Li, & T. Sun (Eds.), Hybrid Intelligence: Proceedings for the 4th Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2022), 2022: 499–513. Springer Nature Singapore.